Many Miracles are wrought through the intercession of Alphonsus. He spent the next few years in recasting this work, and in 1753 appeared the first volume of the "Theologia Moralis", the second volume, dedicated to Benedict XIV, following in 1755. Shrines were built there and at St. Agatha of the Goths. She was declared Venerable 11 August, 1901. From 1726 to 1752, first as a member of the Neapolitan "Propaganda", and then as a leader of his own Fathers, he traversed the provinces of Naples for the greater part of each year giving missions even in the smallest villages and saving many souls. The eighteenth century was one series of great wars; that of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Succession; the Seven Years' War, and the War of American Independence, ending with the still more gigantic struggles in Europe, which arose out of the events of 1789. St. Alphonsus Liguori, in full Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Alphonsus also spelled Alfonso, (born September 27, 1696, Marianella, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]died August 1, 1787, Pagani; canonized 1839; feast day August 1), Italian doctor of the church, one of the chief 18th-century moral theologians, and founder of the Redemptorists, a congregation dedicated primarily to parish and foreign missions. Courts, you shall never see me more." He remained thunderstruck for a moment; then said in a broken voice: "You are right.
. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. St. Alphonsus encouraged an intimate, personal relationship with Jesus Christ through frequent visits to the Blessed Sacrament. But as he drew up a rule for them, formed from that of the Visitation nuns, he does not seem to have had any clear idea of establishing the new institute of his vision. [4] When he was 18, like many other nobles, he joined the Confraternity of Our Lady of Mercy, with whom he assisted in the care of the sick at the hospital for "incurables". Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. The traditional Stations of the Cross were written by St. Alphonsus Liguori, a bishop and Doctor of the Church, in 1761. I will love you all my life. The crisis arose in this way. St Alphonsus Mary Liguori and Prayer. APA citation. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists, in November 1732. Here St. Alphonsus teaches that those who refuse to bow to the will of God only double their afflictions. This combination of practical common sense with extraordinary energy in administrative work ought to make Alphonsus, if he were better known, particularly attractive to the English-speaking nations, especially as he is so modern a saint. Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselvesfor believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others. He fed the poor, instructed the ignorant, reorganized his seminary, reformed his convents, created a new spirit in his clergy, banished scandalous noblemen and women of evil life with equal impartiality, brought the study of theology and especially of moral theology into honour, and all the time was begging pope after pope to let him resign his office because he was doing nothing for his diocese. While affecting to treat the novice with severity and to take no notice of her visions, the director was surprised to find that the Rule which she had written down was a realization of what had been so long in his mind. It will be remembered that even as a young man his chief distress at his breakdown in court was the fear that his mistake might be ascribed to deceit. Both last about two hours but are filled with soul-stirring music. This Novena for the Holy Souls in Purgatory was written by St. Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787), a bishop and founder of the Redemptorist order, and one of the Doctors of the Church. Miracles - Devotion to Our Lady To follow an opinion in favour of liberty without weighing it, merely because it is held by someone else, would have seemed to Alphonsus an abdication of the judicial office with which as a confessor he was invested. Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) was a Neapolitan who founded the Redemptorist Order of priests, a congregation dedicated to providing parish missions, especially to the poor in rural areas. Though a good dogmatic theologian--a fact which has not been sufficiently recognized--he was not a metaphysician like the great scholastics. It is the following of Jesus as a community of disciples, aware that we are sent to be a clear . Even if there be some exaggeration in this, for it is not in an advocate's power always to be on the winning side, the tradition shows that he was extraordinarily able and successful. He was helped in this by his turn of mind which was extremely practical. The foundation of all subsequent lives is the Della vita ed istituto del venerabile Alfonso Maria Liguori, of ANTONY TANNOIA, one of the great biographies of literature. A centenary edition, Lettere di S. Alfonso Maria de'Liguori (ROME, 1887, 3 vols. About the year 1722, when he was twenty-six years old, he began to go constantly into society, to neglect prayer and the practices of piety which had been an integral part of his life, and to take pleasure in the attention with which he was everywhere received. "[17][18], Liguori's greatest contribution to the Catholic Church was in the area of moral theology. So indeed it proved. Description [ edit] The book was written at a time when some were criticizing Marian devotions, and was written in part as a defense of Marian devotion. In the end a compromise was arrived at. The Glories of Mary - Wikipedia A pure and modest boyhood passed into a manhood without reproach. The basic elements of an Act of Spiritual Communion are an Act of Faith, an Act of Love, a desire to receive Christ, and an . Alphonsus Liguori. Visiting the local Hospital for Incurables on August 28, 1723, he had a vision and was told to consecrate his life solely to God. Liguori suffered from scruples much of his adult life and felt guilty about the most minor issues relating to sin. There are many editions of the Saint's Moral Theology; the best and latest is that of P. GAUDI, C.SS.R. Much of the material for a complete life of St. Alphonsus is still in manuscript in the Roman archives of the Redemptorist Congregation and in the archives of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. He was a man of strong passions, using the term in the philosophic sense, and tremendous energy, but from childhood his passions were under control. In fact, in the beginning, the young priest in his humility would not be Superior even of the house, judging one of his companions, John Baptist Donato, better fitted for the post because he had already had some experience of community life in another institute. Holy Name of Jesus & St. Alphonsus Liguori | The Eucharistic Miracle at It was all-important to the Fathers to be able to rebut the charge of being an illegal religious congregation, which was one of the chief allegations in the ever-adjourned and ever-impending action by Baron Sarnelli. For thirteen years Alphonsus fed the poor, instructed families, reorganized the seminary and religious houses, taught theology, and wrote. The dissensions even spread to the nuns, and Sister Maria Celeste herself left Scala and founded a convent at Foggia, where she died in the odour of sanctity, 14 September, 1755. Father Francis de Paula, one of the chief appellants, was appointed their Superior General, "in place of those", so the brief ran, "who being higher superiors of the said Congregation have with their followers adopted a new system essentially different from the old, and have deserted the Institute in which they were professed, and have thereby ceased to be members of the Congregation." Under the government of the Marquis della Sambuca, who, though a great regalist, was a personal friend of the Saint's, there was promise of better times, and in August, 1779, Alphonsus's hopes were raised by the publication of a royal decree allowing him to appoint superiors in his Congregation and to have a novitiate and house of studies. MIRACLES RELATED BY ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI from his book The Glories of Mary Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselves for believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others as tales and fables for foolish women. He suspended those priests who celebrated Mass in less than 15 minutes and sold his carriage and episcopal ring to give the money to the poor. Still it must in fairness be admitted that all priests are not great theologians able to estimate intrinsic probability at its true worth, and the Church herself might be held to have conceded something to pure probabilism by the unprecedented honours she paid to the Saint in her Decree of 22 July, 1831, which allows confessors to follow any of St. Alphonsus's own opinions without weighing the reasons on which they were based. It was only after his death, as he had prophesied, that the Neapolitan Government at last recognized the original Rule, and that the Redemptorist Congregation was reunited under one head (1793). Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. Other saints and servants of God were those of Alphonsus's own household, the lay brother, St. Gerard Majella, who died in 1755, and Januarius Sarnelli, Csar Sportelli, Dominic Blasucci, and Maria Celeste, all of whom have been declared "Venerable" by the Church. Ecclesiastical approbation. Although there are many modern . The Fathers in the Papal States, with too precipitate zeal, in the very beginning denounced the change of Rule to Rome. d.kellysaintalphonsus.com Website Website Website Website Website Alyce Gilarski Business Manager / Ministry of Care 847-255-7452, x143 a.gilarskisaintalphonsus.com Dr. Carol Holden DRE, Grades K-8 847-255-9490 x116 c.holdensaintalphonsus.com Dee Munroe Religious Education Administrative Assistant 847-255-9490 x104 d.munroesaintalphonsus.com The Glories of Mary ( Italian: Le glorie di Maria) is a classic book in the field of Roman Catholic Mariology, written during the 18th century by Saint Alphonsus Liguori, a Doctor of the Church . Ever mindful of his own sins, Saint Alphonsus saw prayer for the faithful departed as one of the chief duties of Christian charity. Both of them were canonized on the same day as the Holy Doctor, 26 May, 1839. St. Alphonsus Liguori was a bishop and moral theologian living and preaching in Naples in the eighteenth century. A voice said "This is he whom I have chosen to be head of My Institute, the Prefect General of a new Congregation of men who shall work for My glory." The answer is that God kept him humble by interior trials. There were whole years, indeed, in which the Institute seemed on the verge of summary suppression. A religious founder, consummate theologian, and holy man of God, Saint Alphonsus never failed to utter a stirring word that draws out a lively penitence and redoubled dedication to the work of God from his congregation. With Don Carlos, or as he is generally called, Charles III, from his later title as King of Spain, came the lawyer, Bernard Tanucci, who governed Naples as Prime Minister and regent for the next forty-two years. The family was an old and noble one, though the branch to which the Saint belonged had become somewhat impoverished. After a short interval--we do not know exactly how long--the answer came. He was baptized two days later in the church of Our Lady of the Virgins, in Naples. In 1731, the convent unanimously adopted the new Rule, together with a habit of red and blue, the traditional colours of Our Lord's own dress. So bent was it in the beginning, that the pressure of his chin produced a dangerous wound in the chest. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. In April 1729, Alphonsus went to live at the "Chiflese College," founded in Naples by Father Matthew Ripa, the Apostle of China. The life of St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of St. Agatha of the Vague rumours of impending treachery had got about and had been made known to him, but he had refused to believe them. About Liguori Publications Daily Reading for Sunday, March 5th, 2023, Continue reading about St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori, Almsgiving, Prayer, and Fasting: The Three Pillars of Lent. The boy was bright and quick beyond his years, and made great progress in all kinds of learning. The Holy Father addressed the faithful taking part in the General audience of Wednesday, 1 August [2012], in Piazza della Libert, the square outside the Papal residence in Castel Gandolfo. St Alphonsus Mary Liguori and Prayer | EWTN In the second edition the work received the definite form it has since retained, though in later issues the Saint retracted a number of opinions, corrected minor ones, and worked at the statement of his theory of Equiprobabilism till at last he considered it complete. In April 1729, the Apostle of China, Matthew Ripa, founded a missionary college in Naples, which became known colloquially as the "Chinese College". Alphonsus wrote profusely on moral, theological, and ascetical subjects [notably his Moral Theology], was constantly engaged in combating anticlericalism and Jansenism, and was involved in several controversies over . He answered emphatically: "Never! The English translation of the work is projected to be around 5 volumes. He submitted the new Rule to a number of theologians, who approved of it, and said it might be adopted in the convent of Scala, provided the community would accept it. Alphonsus, however, was unflagging in his efforts with the Court. So many times I have sinned, but I repent sincerely because I love you. [12], He was beatified on 15 September 1816 by Pope Pius VII and canonized on 26 May 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI.[13][14]. 1. Perhaps in any case the submission of their Rule to a suspicious and even hostile civil power was a mistake. He was a born leader of men. Let's start with the saint. He said himself that he was so small at the time as to be almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. By AClarke625. [9], In 1729, Liguori left his family home and took up residence at the Chinese Institute in Naples. Soon after, Falcoia made known to the latter his vocation to leave Naples and establish an order of missionaries at Scala, who should work above all for the neglected goatherds of the mountains. He was not afraid of making up his mind. [7] At 27, after having lost an important case, the first he had lost in eight years of practising law, he made a firm resolution to leave the profession of law. St. Alphonsus Liguori - Sisters of IHM In the eight years of his career as advocate, years crowded with work, he is said never to have lost a case. Thank you. Saint Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, C.Ss.R. Mimoires sur la vie et la congrigation de St. Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1842, 3 vols.). As it was, he was refused the royal exequatur to the Brief of Benedict XIV, and State recognition of his Institute as a religious congregation till the day of his death. On 3 October, 1731, the eve of the feast of St. Francis, she saw Our Lord with St. Francis on His right hand and a priest on His left. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It happened that Alphonsus, ill and overworked, had gone with some companions to Scala in the early summer of 1730. Liguori Publications is a nonprofit Catholic publishing company that came into existence through a saint, some students, and a once-famous St. Louis resort. Alphonsus was a devoted friend of the Society of Jesus and its long persecution by the Bourbon Courts, ending in its suppression in 1773, filled him with grief. Stay up to date with the latest news, information, and special offers. [4] Myopia and chronic asthma precluded a military career so his father had him educated in the legal profession. His austerities were rigorous, and he suffered daily the pain from rheumatism that was beginning to deform his body. A final attempt to gain the royal approval, which seemed as if at last it had been successful, led to the crowning sorrow of Alphonsus's life: the division and apparent ruin of his Congregation and the displeasure of the Holy See. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. I have been mistaken. In 1762 he was appointed Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti. It was comparatively late in life that Alphonsus became a writer. Soon after this the boy began his studies for the Bar, and about the age of nineteen practised his profession in the courts. Alphonsus returned to his little cell at Nocera in July, 1775, to prepare, as he thought, for a speedy and happy death. For three days he refused all food. He opposed sterile legalism and strict rigourism. But we must not push resemblances too far. [2][3], He was born in Marianella, near Naples, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, on 27 September 1696. Naples had been part of the dominions of Spain since 1503, but in 1708 when Alphonsus was twelve years old, it was conquered by Austria during the war of the Spanish Succession. Don Joseph de' Liguori had his faults. After 1752 Alphonsus gave fewer missions. Alphonsus, assisted by divine grace, did not disappoint his father's care. He was canonized in 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX in 1871. See also HASSALL, The Balance of Power (1715-89) (London, 1901); COLLETTA, History of the Kingdom of Naples, 1734-1825, 2 vols., tr. It was this which made him the prince of moral theologians, and gained him, when canonization made it possible, the title of "Doctor of the Church". On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But he was a man of genuine faith and piety and stainless life, and he meant his son to be the same. [2] Moreover, he heard an interior voice saying: "Leave the world, and give yourself to me."[5]. When he was preparing for the priesthood in Naples, his masters were of the rigid school, for though the center of Jansenistic disturbance was in northern Europe, no shore was so remote as not to feel the ripple of its waves. A year of trouble and anxiety followed. All materials contained on this site, whether written, audible or visual are the exclusive property of Catholic Online and are protected under U.S. and International copyright laws, Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. But when the question was put to the community, opposition began. In fact, despite his youth, he seems at the age of twenty-seven to have been one of the leaders of the Neapolitan Bar. In the end the Rule was so altered as to be hardly recognizable, the very vows of religion being abolished. Alphonsus had still one final storm to meet, and then the end. Alphonsus Liguori | Saints Resource A fearful commotion arose. Dedicated to Fr. His very confessor and vicar general in the government of his Order, Father Andrew Villani, joined in the conspiracy. One of the most widely read Catholic authors, he is the patron saint of confessors. Though St. Alphonsus was founder and de facto head of the Institute, its general direction in the beginning, as well as the direction of Alphonsus's conscience, was undertaken by the Bishop of Castellamare and it was not till the latter's death, 20 April, 1743, that a general chapter was held and the Saint was formally elected Superior-General. An English translation in five volumes is included in the 22 volumes of the American centenary edition of St. Alphonsus's ascetical works (New York). Liguoris extensive works fall into three genres: moral theology, best represented by his celebrated Theologia moralis (1748); ascetical and devotional writings, including Visits to the Blessed Sacrament, The True Spouse of Jesus Christ (for nuns), Selva (for priests), and The Glories of Mary, the latter of which became one of the most widely used manuals of devotion to the Virgin Mary; and dogmatic writings on such subjects as papal infallibility and the power of prayer. He was more concerned with the spiritual conflict which was going on at the same time. If any reader of this article will go to original sources and study the Saint's life at greater length, he will not find his labour thrown away. Fearful temptations against every virtue crowded upon him, together with diabolical apparitions and illusions, and terrible scruples and impulses to despair which made life a hell. New York: Robert Appleton Company. There can be little doubt but that the young Alphonsus with his high spirits and strong character was ardently attached to his profession, and on the way to be spoilt by the success and popularity which it brought. As it was traditionally associated with the zampogna, or large-format Italian bagpipe, it became known as Canzone d'i zampognari, the "Carol of the Bagpipers". He continued to live with the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy, where he died on 1 August 1787. This prayer is a petition asking for the grace to love God more, so as to fear hell and desire to do His . This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. The early years, following the founding of the new order, were not promising. He was now free, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Scala, to act with regard to the convent as he thought best. He was buried at the monastery of the Pagani near Naples. He wrote sermons, books, and articles to encourage devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin Mary. On 6 April, 1726, he was ordained deacon, and soon after preached his first sermon. The Superior of the Propaganda and even Falcoia's friend, Matthew Ripa, opposed the project with all their might. But how was Alphonsus to grow in this so necessary virtue when he was in authority nearly all his life? St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online There is a somewhat unsatisfactory French translation of Tannoia's work. Dissension within the congregation culminated in 1777 when he was deceived into signing what he thought was a royal sanction for his rule. At the age of sixteen, on 21 January, 1713, he took his degree as Doctor of Laws, although twenty was the age fixed by the statutes. Saint Alphonsus Liguori; Revelation Delivered Through Frances Marie Klug His life contains a number of minor inaccuracies, however, and is seriously defective in its account of the founding of his Congregation and of the troubles which fell on it in 1780. It survived a catastrophic fire and was completed refurbished. "I follow my conscience", he wrote in 1764, "and when reason persuades me I make little account of moralists."