stutthof concentration camp guards

American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. Germany: death of a suspected supervisor of a Nazi camp, under Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. Of the 55,000 guards who worked in the Third Reichs concentration camps, 3,700 were women, many of who were volunteers. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. She kicked me so hard that I fell. [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. Row of Barracks at Stutthof The Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court found all of them guilty of the charges. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. [22] Spanner was unlikely to have "really occupied himself with the production of usable soap from human fat", and that any soap production in his laboratory was likely marginal. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann | Military Wiki | Fandom Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. Over 65,000 prisoners perished, many of who were Polish Intelligentsia, former politicians, and resistance leaders, as well as 28,000 Jews. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. Concentration Camp Secretary Indicted as Accessory to Mass Murder Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. More than 6,000 camp guards and personnel were trained there before being sent out to work at other camps. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. Other inmates labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. "It was a practical impossibility that [Furchner] could make her way into the camp from her home without knowing what was going on there.". Getting to Stutthof. Former Nazi SS Camp Guard, 94, Goes on Trial in Germany Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. Feb. 5, 2021 Public prosecutors in Germany have indicted a 95-year-old woman for her role supporting the Nazi killing machinery as a secretary in a concentration camp, charging her with 10,000. Stutthof concentration camp - Wikipedia Some went on to be involved in administering lethal sterilisation experiments, others helped select victims of the gas chambers, set dogs on young girls and murdered inmates before incinerating their bodies. Poland held four trials in Gdask against former guards and kapos of Stutthof, charging them with crimes of war and crimes against humanity. 1939). Stutthof trials - Wikipedia The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Bruno Dey, a teenager at the time in question, was convicted of 5,232 counts of accessory to murder. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Nazi camp survivor recalls horrors in trial of SS guard The first female guards arrived in the camps starting in 1942 at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbruck. A judicial officer looks at his watch prior to a trial against a 96-year-old former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp at the court room in Itzehoe, Germany on . Bruno D, former Nazi SS concentration camp guard, convicted in - CNN The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. Washington, DC 20024-2126 Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. Dave, [33] Being tried at the age of 94, court proceedings were limited to no more than two hours per day and two non-consecutive days per week. 1. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. 2023.02.28. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. [2] SS-Rottenfhrer Emil Strehlau was sentenced by the court in Torun (Wloclawek) on April 23, 1948, to death for war crimes. Nazi secretary, 97, convicted for role in 10,000 murders at death camp Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Female Nazi war criminals. Graphic! | Pro Death Penalty.com - ProBoards The first prisoners arrived in the camp on September 2nd. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. When the final evacuation began, there were nearly 50,000 prisoners, the overwhelming majority of them Jews, in the Stutthof camp system. Harry S: 96-year-old accused of being Nazi concentration camp guard Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). Who is Buffalo Allina Clinic shooting suspect Gregory Ulrich and who are the victims? A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Key and copyright. Former Nazi SS camp guard found guilty by German court - NBC News Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. This blog has been around for a while. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. Read about our approach to external linking. About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. Female Nazi concentration camp secretary charged with complicity in At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. Naley odnotowa, e prowadzone w latach 20022006 przez Oddziaow Komisj cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku ledztwo potwierdzio, e w Instytucie Anatomicznym produkowano w czasie wojny mydo z tuszczu ludzkiego, wprawdzie nie na skal przemysow, jednak do celw uytkowych, translated: One should note that the investigation carried out in the years 20022006 by the District Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Gdask (Oddziaowa Komisja cigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Gdasku) proved that during the war soap from human fat was manufactured at the Anatomical Institute. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Hitler's Enablers - Part Two - The Camps - Stew Ross Discovers The Belsen Trial heard that she beat an 18-year-old girl for eating peelings in the kitchen and, when others protested, she told them, "I will beat her to death." Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. Ex-Nazi camp guard, dies, case against him ends - DW - 02/28/2023 In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. Stutthof concentration camp Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. The major subcamps were Thorn and Elbing. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps - Wikipedia Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. [2] The accused were arraigned before the court and all found guilty. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. Stutthof Concentration Camp http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org Stutthof | Holocaust Encyclopedia Austrian Maria Mandl was one of the most notorious SS officers at Auschwitz, where she personally sent over 500,000 female prisoners to the gas chamber. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). swisslotto. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. The people who did this and all adults who watched it (I notice there are even very young children watching, says a lot about the sort of people perpetrating these disgusting CRIMES) should be tried and punished.